近几年，经常提到所谓的建筑造型，作为设计的综合表达，建筑是一种系统工作，而不是造型艺术。为了表达设计不仅仅是艺术造型，设计师在过去几个项目中特意不注意造型。同时，我尽我所能在设计中保持低调，把精力放在发掘空间和人的体验上来，华腾田中央图书馆就是一次这样的尝试。

Text description provided by the architects. Whenever I interview a candidate in recent years, if he often mentions the so called shape, I will not employ him in most occasions. In my opinion, he must have been heavily poisoned by fashion. As a comprehensive expression of design, architecture is a systematical job rather than art of shape. In order to clarify design is more than art of shape, I intentionally pay little attention to shape in last several projects. Meanwhile, I tried my best to maintain a low profile in my design and spent even more time and energy on highlighting the space and experience of people. Huateng Hog House Rural Library is such a try.



设计之初，华腾沈总告诉我他收集很多枕木，我一听非常激动，枕木乌乌的，暗暗的，低调而有历史感，与那些精致的建筑材料一下子拉开了距离。对于建筑材料，我特别害怕过于化工质感的精致，精致到腻味的那种，就像甜品店里的摆设出来的甜品，在灯光的衬托下，一看就想吃，但是一顿饭把陈列的每种甜品都吃了一遍，是令人难以下咽的。

At the very beginning of design, President Shen of Huateng told me he had collected many sleepers. I was very excited. The dark quiet sleepers seemed humble, conveying a sense of history, thus different from exquisite construction materials. As to construction materials, I particularly feared the oversophisticated chemical texture. Such texture is excessively exquisite and even appears boring. Like the desserts displayed in dessert store, they seemed delicious below elegant light to stimulate your appetite. But when you eat every kind of dessert available to you, you will find difficult to swallow.



现在好多被做成甜点形式的建筑，这种结构的建筑拍照片很精致，但没有表现力，就像通过整容的明星脸。网络明星面孔是当下流行的趋势。但是，我试图去面对这种时尚潮流的另一面，努力把我的建筑在某种程度上做的“丑陋”一点。像烤红薯一样，外面干瘪、粗糙、黑乎乎的有点枯燥干，但是当你仔细观察它时，你会发现一些令人惊异的东西。  

People are now struggling to build many constructions in the shape of desserts. The photos of such constructions are exquisite but expressionless, like online star face manufactured by plastic surgery. Online star face is a fashion and trend nowadays. However, I’m trying to go to the opposite side of such fashion and trend, in an effort to make my constructions look ugly to some extent. Like roasted sweet potato, my design appears somewhat dried out, crude and dark, nothing like the popular and favorite ones. But when you look into it, you will find something amazing.



图书馆占地面积为200平方米。 由于业主提供的枕木是160x220x2400，它们不适用于2400米宽的空间。 必需用若干根枕木相互搭接形成一个足够宽的空间。 基于这些规格的枕木，我们设计了第一稿方案。 这种设计的部分是由五个枕木创建的折叠式拱形空间。

The library should occupy an area of 200 sqm. As the sleepers offered by proprietor is of 160x220x2400, they are not applicable to the space 2400 wide. It is necessary to form a space wide enough by sleepers. Based on the sleepers of such specifications, we worked out our first plan. The section of such design is a folded arched-space created by five sleepers.



空间宽6米，高5.7米。 我认为这样的空间非常好。 然而，我不得不面对的问题是，这样的结构更适合小型展馆而不是可封闭的建筑。 同时，这种方法会消耗大量的枕木，导致成本过高。因此，我们必须在不改变空间和尺寸的情况下改进结构。在图中，结构在早年被修改为正常的框架结构而不是肋骨结构。我必须回到建筑与空间之间的内在联系。

The space is 6m wide and 5.7m high. Such space is very good in my opinion. However, the problem I have to confront is that such structure is more suitable for small pavilion rather than closeable building. Meanwhile, such method will consume a large amount of sleepers, thus resulting in over expensive price. So we have to improve the structure without change of space and dimensions. In the picture, the structure has now been modified to a normal frame structure rather than ribbed structure in early years. I have to come back to the inherent link between architecture and space after the problem of structure is addressed.



由于图书馆的外观对我而言并不重要，阅读的体验是主题。我试图发现农村地区的空间性质。如果没有与形状相关的技术，概念和空间、环境之间的内在联系会给我们带来什么样的建筑？这个概念比中国建筑中的技术和形状更令人关注，真的吗？我的想法是基于这些年来我见过的很多形式主义风格的图书馆，比如由Anteng设计的司马辽太郎纪念博物馆的书厨。还有许多其他类似的图书馆和书店，其中包括MVRDV设计的天津滨海图书馆。这些图书馆除了令人眼花缭乱的酷炫无边的高档书架之外，如何使读者受益？为了满足我的好奇心和体验新鲜感，我在图书馆漫步。我想将来再也不会来那里了。不人道的空间给我施加了压力感。书不过是装饰品，读者们很难使他们平静下来，过分修饰的舞台会使读者黯然失色。

Since the appearance of library is of little concern to me, the experience of reading is very important. I’m trying to discover the nature of space in the countryside fields. Without the techniques relevant to shape, what inherent link between conception and space, environment the architecture is about to bring to us? The conception is more concerned about than techniques and shapes in Chinese constructions, really? My idea is based on so many libraries of formalistic styles I have seen these years, such as the bookshelf of Shiba Ryotaro Memorial Museum designed by Anteng. There are many other similar libraries and book stores, including Tianjin Binhai Library, a design work of MVRDV. How such libraries benefit their readers in addition to their dazzling cool and unreachable high shelves? I had a stroll around the library just to satisfy my curiosity and experience the freshness. I think will never come back to read there in future. The inhuman space imposed a sense of pressure on me. The books are no more than decorations, and the readers can hardly calm them down. An excessively decorated stage will eclipse the players on it.



什么样的空间会让读者感觉舒适？我尽我所能去寻找我内心深处真正追求的东西。我特别喜欢坐在教室的窗户旁，所以我可以轻松地将我的脸转向外面。它在我心中留下了美好的记忆。在春天的微风中，绿色的稻田遍布乡间，燕子飞过田野，有时跨过我们的前方。在夏日的阳光下，蝴蝶在盛开的稻花上翩翩起舞，有时拍打着翅膀。在秋天的清新空气中，浩浩荡荡的金色稻田，到处都是农民，在那里忙着收割。在冬天的寒风中，光秃秃的田野上的一堆干秸秆引起了我对乌托邦的想象。

What kind of space will make readers feel comfortable? I’m always trying my best to find out what I really pursue at the bottom of my heart. I will never forget the years I spent in the primary school of the village where I was born. I especially liked to sit by the window of classroom, so I could easily turn my face to have a look at the fields outside and keep nothing in mind for a while. It carved a wonderful memory in my heart. In the breeze of spring, green rice fields are everywhere across the countryside, with swallows flying over the fields, sometimes across in front of us. Below the sunshine of summer, butterflies danced over blossoming rice flowers, sometimes flapping their wings close to the window. In the fresh air of autumn, vast golden rice fields are decorated with farmers here and there busy in harvest. In the cold wind of winter, the piles of dried straws on the bare fields arouse my imagination of Utopia.



童年时代教室外风景的美好记忆是我设计的原型。有时我没有记住任何事，因为害怕老师的批评而重新控制自己时感到害怕。现在我想无拘无束地去田野，平静地读书。当我累了的时候，我会放松，此外，当我感到困倦的时候，我可以在休息室里睡一会儿。

The wonderful memory of the landscapes outside the window of classroom in my childhood is the prototype of my design. Sometimes I kept nothing in mind, and felt frightened when I regained control of myself for fear of criticism by teacher. Now I would like to gaze at the fields from the library without any restraint and read in peace. When I get tired, I will relax as long as I wish. Moreover, I can sleep in the lounge for a while when I feel sleepy.



下面的图片是我在图书馆建立后不久就观察到读者的反应时拍的一张照片。这三个人是来自舟山的老师。导游催促他们继续前进，但他们希望静静地在图书馆阅读整个下午，听到这消息我很高兴。他们不知道我是图书馆的设计师，这是他们的真实感受。

The picture below is a photo I took when I observed the reaction of readers in the library soon after it was built up. The three persons are teachers from Zhoushan. The guide urged them to move on, but they expressed their wish to stay to read quietly in the library whole afternoon. I was very happy when I heard it. Having no idea I was the designer of the library, they must have told the truth.



尽管我的设计和传统图书馆的设计不同，我最大限度地照顾读者，严格控制书架的高度，使他们可以毫无困难地拿到自己想读的书。正如我所说，我将在建筑中突出一种烤红薯的感觉，我推动自己履行我的诺言。尽管外表烧焦，室内必须柔软和清新。木材由东北红杉制成。没有任何保护漆，红雪松散发出天然的香味，为读者提供一个充满香味的优雅阅读环境。据说，据说宇航员在返回地球后将被安排在红杉树的房子里恢复一周。

Despite the difference between my design and that of formalistic library, I make every effort to maximize the care for readers, strictly controlling the height of self so that the readers can reach out to their desired books without any difficulty. As I say I will highlight a sense of roasted sweet potato in the building, I propel myself to deliver my promise. Despite scorched skin, the insider must be soft and fresher. The wood used for interior of library is raw red cedar from Northeast China. Without any protective paint, the red cedar gives off a natural fragrance to provide readers with an elegant reading environment full of fragrance. It is said astronauts will be arranged to recover for a week in house made of red cedar after they returned to earth.



施工结束时，施工人员告诉我，当地板供暖系统供电时他们会躺在木地板上休息。这是一个惊人的享受。我还没有享受图书馆的地板采暖系统。红雪松的香气如此芬芳宜人。除了在图书馆亲身经历外，不能用图片或图画来表达。正如我在设计之初所期待的那样，线条样式的图书馆静静地站在田地的中心，绵延40米长。从远处看，看起来像一个谷仓。黑板的表面表现出谦逊而平静，仿佛它被暴露在风雨中多年。无论在空间上还是在色彩上，它看起来与周围环境和谐。这种和谐的环境融入了图书馆。图书馆不再局限于200平方米的空间。从窗外看到的都是图书馆的一部分。

Approaching the end of construction, the construction workers told me they would lie down on the wooden floor to have a rest when the floor heating system was powered on. It is an amazing enjoyment. I have not yet enjoyed the floor heating system of the library I design. The fragrance of red cedar is so charming and pleasant. Except being personally experienced in the library, it cannot be expressed by pictures or drawings. Just like I expect at the very beginning of design, the line-styled library stands quietly in the center of fields, stretching 40 meters long. From a distance, the library looks like a barn. The surface of dark board seems humble and calm as if it were carved by years of exposure to rain and wind. It appears harmonious with the surroundings no matter in space or color. The surroundings are integrated into the library in such harmony. The library is no longer confined to the space of 200 square meters. Everything in the view from the window is a part of the library.



线型图书馆垂直于乡间小路。十字路口既是图书馆的大厅，又是田野里的休息地。我希望图书馆不仅能为游客服务，还能为附近的工人服务。每个人都可以来这里休息，喝点水。

The line-styled library is vertical to the country lanes. The cross point is both the lobby of library and a post for rest in the fields. I expect the library will serve not only the tourists but also the workers in the nearby fields. Everyone may come here to have a rest and drink some water.



我说出了我对图书馆的想法。既没有旁证，足够的引用，也没有经典建筑原型或哲学家的指导。这座图书馆的建筑是我童年记忆的体现。大部分设计的主要思想已实现。但仍有一些遗憾，其中一个原因是由于我们在施工过程中遇到困难，轨枕不会出现在图书馆的结构中。而是被覆盖在大铁钉的沥青里。在切割过程中，刀片的消耗量很大，同时，切割产生的热量会融化沥青而粘住刀片。这超出了我们的预算。预计建设成本将大幅上涨，而且进展无疑会放缓。我不得不放弃枕木并转向木结构。

Now I have said what I should say. There is neither collateral evidence or sufficient quotes nor classic building prototype or guidance of superman or philosopher. This building of library is an embodiment of my attitude towards life and recalls the wonderful memory of my childhood. Most of the primary ideas of design have been realized. But there remains some regrets, one of which is the sleepers don’t appear in the structure of library because we encountered difficult during construction. The sleepers have been soaked in asphalt with large iron nails inside. The consumption of blade must be incredible during cutting. Meanwhile, the heat generated by cutting will melt asphalt to stick the blade. It is beyond our estimation. The cost of construction is expected to rise dramatically accordingly and the progress of construction will be undoubtedly slowed down. I had to abandon sleepers and turned to normal wood structure.



另一个是为了增加图书馆内部的结构而设计的拉索。由于施工方的结构计算不当，拱肋在框架完成后两侧产生桩侧推力，造长大时间的结构变形。我别无选择，只能使用电缆。幸运的是，内部空间不受影响。就个人而言，金属成分的增加丰富了内部空间。我们习惯于从错误中获取教训并吸取灵感。结构工程师在工作中的失误激发了我在设计方面的灵感。避免电缆的方法一种方法是沿拱产生的推力将梁伸长，将其转换成斜柱，消除拱门产生的推力。这种推力将图书馆转变为另一种建筑 - 教堂。约120平方米的教堂将在遵义农村建成。

Another regret is the inhaul cable of structure designed to increase interior of library. Due to constructor’s improper structural calculation, the arch generates side thrust upon posts on both sides after the framework is completed, which will result in structural deformation over a long time. I have no choice but to introduce inhaul cable. Fortunately, the interior space is not impaired. Personally speaking, the increase of metal component percentage enriches the interior space. We are accustomed to learning lesson and drawing inspiration from mistake. The structure engineer’s mistake in his work stimulated my inspiration in design. One of the methods to avoid inhaul cable is to extend beam along thrust generated by arch to transform it into batter post and eliminate the thrust generated by arch. Such thrust transforms library into another kind of architecture – church. The approximately 120sqm church is scheduled to be built in rural area of Zunyi.



每座建筑都像一个人一样，每座建筑在不断追求改善的过程中都不可避免地存在缺陷。对于这样的缺陷，唯一的方法就是正视它，接受并纠正它。 摄影师问我是否想要修改照片，例如，删除电线杆和其他东西。 我告诉他不要修改。 如果像设计草图那样修改照片，看起来似乎是人为的。 当缺陷被掩盖时，许多其他缺陷将会出现，让它的瑕疵暴露在阳光下。

Like a person, every building is inevitably flawed during its constant pursuit of improvement. As to such flaw, the only way is to face up to it, embrace it and correct it. Such attitude is also applicable to pictures. The photographer asked whether I want to amend the pictures, for instance, removing the wire poles and something else by PS. I told him not to amend. The pictures may seem artificial if perfectly amended like design sketch. When a flaw is covered, many other flaws will emerge. Let its flaw exposed below sunshine.











总平面图



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立面图



剖面图





截面图



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示意图





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轴测剖切



建筑师： 以靠建筑  Leeko Studio

地点：桐乡、嘉兴、浙江、中国

主建筑师：李以靠

面积：300平方米

摄影：章勇


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